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Original Article
JoÈrn Rittweger á Hans Schiessl á Dieter Felsenberg
Oxygen uptake during whole-body vibration exercise:
comparison with squatting as a slow voluntary movement
Accepted: 5 July 2001 / Published online: 20 October 2001
Ã" Springer-Verlag 2001
Abstract
In this study we investigated metabolic power during whole-body vibration exercise (VbX) compared to mild resistance exercise. Speci(r)c oxygen consumption ( _V O 2) and subjectively perceived exertion (rating of perceived exertion, RPE; Borg scale) were assessed in 12 young healthy subjects (8 female and 4 male). The outcome parameters were assessed during the last minute of a 3-minexercise bout, which consisted of either (1) simple standing, (2) squatting in cycles of 6 s to 90° knee exion, and (3) squatting as before with an additional load of 40% of the subject's body weight (35% infe- males). Exercise types 1±3 were performed with (VbX+) and without (VbX±) platform vibration at a frequency of 26 Hz and an amplitude of 6 mm. Compared to the VbX± condition, the speci(r)c _V O2 was increased with vibration. Likewise, squatting and the additional load were factors that further increased. Corresponding changes were observed in RPE. There was a correlationbetweenVbX± and VbX+ values for exercise types 1±3 (r=0.90). The correlation between squat/no-squat values (r=0.70 without and r=0.71 with the additional load) was significantly lower than that for VbX±/VbX+. Variation inspecific was signicantly higher in the squatting paradigm thanwith vibration. It is concluded that the increased metabolic power observed in association with VbX is due to muscular activity. It is likely that this muscular activity is easier to control between individuals thanis simple squatting. Keywords Oxygenconsumptioná Whole-body vibration á Exercise á Perceived exertion
Introduction
It is generally accepted that sports and exercise are beneficial in many chronic diseases. The benefcial effects are not restricted to the motor system. In spinalized patients, for example, chronic electrical muscle stimulation increases muscle and bone mass as well as aerobic capacity (Belanger et al. 2000; Mohr et al. 1997a, b). This shows that patients may profot from muscular activation, even if their locomotor capacity remains unchanged. Moreover, the example cited can increase the awareness for new therapeutic concepts based on artifcially elicited muscle activity.
There are many applications of this idea. For example, it may benefit immobilized and elderly patients with poor compliance or who are in a bad clinical state, and may help with the recovery from exhaustionand fatigue inathletes. The usefulness of electrical stimulation, however, is restricted because (1) electrodes have to be applied, (2) artifcial stimulation neglects the processing of apparent information, and (3) it is painful in subjects with intact apparent pathways. Hence, one of the authors (Schiessl) has developed a device for whole body vibrationexercise (VbX) as a new mode of exercise (Schiessl 1997a, b), in which vibration is generated by rotational oscillations. Other machines that impose vibration as a translational oscillationto the whole body are already inexistence (Frittonet al. 1997). These machines were built with the idea of stimulating bone formation through a specific osteogenic'' frequency. Indeed, increased bone formationin response to whole-body vibrationhas been demonstrated in animal experiments
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